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Saturday, December 09, 2006

Juan Arana “Loramendi” (1907-1933): “Erri guziak emen balira!...”




Gabonak hurbil baino hurbilago ditugu eta une egokia da gure literaturan Jesus Haurraren jaiotzari eskainitako harribitxiren bat ahanzturatik erreskatatzeko.
Juan Arana, “Loramendi” ezizenez ezagutua, idazle fin eta ahaztu horietako bat dugu. Gipuzkoako Bedoña herri txikian jaio zen 1907an eta hamaika urte zituela kaputxino izateko ikasketak hasi zituen. 1925ean Zangozan jantzi zuen kaputxino jantzia eta apaiz ikasketei ere jarraipena eman zien. Baina apaiztu orduko Jaunak zerura eraman zuen. Bere bizitza laburrean (1933an hil baitzen) hainbat olerki idatzi zituen. Horietako bat Zeruko Argia aldizkarian argitaratua izan zen hauxe: "Belengo argi-lorea". Bertan Jesus Haurra bere olerkiaren “argi-lorea” dugu. Lau zati dituen konposizioa honek, egitura aldetik behintzat, antzerki lan baten nolabaiteko antzekotasuna dauka. Eduki narratiboa ere badu, nahiz eta oso estilizatua eta minimizatua den. Izan ere, handiusteko hitzak soberan daude (“Ixildu bitez itzak!... Mututu mingaiña!...”) kontenplaziorako eta gurtzarako (“auzpeztu nadin lenbailen!...”) egindako konposizio honetan. Jesus Haurraren aurrean giro lirikoa bere gailurrera ailegatzen da, oso gailur xamur, apal eta lasaia. Sentimendu gazi-gozoa dario kontenplazio horri; izan ere, faltan botatzen ditu Jainkoaren Semea jaio dela ez dakiten herriak eta jendeteria: “Erri guziak emen balira!...”.
Gabonetan lasai-lasai eta patxadaz dastatzeko moduko olerkia.
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Saturday, November 11, 2006

Mother Teresa's Prayer in Spanish


Ama Teresaren otoitza familiaren alde

[Gazteleraz jartzen dugu Kalkultako Ama Teresaren otoitza familiaren alde. Oraingoz ez du inork euskaratu. Baten bat animatuko balitz euskaratzera eskertuko genioke (eta jakitera emango)]
Oracion de la Madre Teresa

Padre Celestial, Tu nos has dado en la Sagrada Familia de

Nazareth un modelo ejemplar de vida. Ayudanos a hacer de

nuestro hogar otro Nazareth, donde el amor, la paz y la alegria

reinen. Que podamos ser profundamente contemplativos,

intensamente Eucaristicos y vibrantemente alegres.

Ayudanos a permanecer unidos en la alegria y en la tristesa a

traves de la oracion. Ensenanos a ver a Jesus en los miembres

de nuestra familia, especialmente en los momentos de

afliccion. Haz que el Corazon Eucaristico de Jesus haga del

nuestro uno humilde y manso como el Suyo, y que sepamos

sacar, alegremente, a nuetras familias de todas las dificultades.

Que sepamos amarnos unos a otros como Tu nos amas a cada

uno, mas y mas cada dia, y, que nos perdonemos mutuamente

las ofensas como Tu perdonas nuestros pecados.

Oh amorosisimo Padre, ayudanos a recibir lo que nos envias y

dar generosamente lo que nos pides con una gran alegria.

Immaculado Corazon de Maria, causa de nuestra alegría,

ruega por nosotros.

San Jose, ruega por nosotros.

Santos Angeles de la Guarda, estad siempre a nuestro lado,

guiando y protegiendonos.

Amen.
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Currents of thought running counter to true advancement


[Hona hemen "genero" deituriko terminoari buruzko azterketa interesgarri bat.]

From: L'Osservatore Romano - N. 46 - 17 November 2004

- reproduced with permission.

COMMENTARY: THE PROBLEM OF GENDER FEMINISM

Dale O'Leary

 The recent Document from the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith on the collaboration of men and women begins with a brief discussion of "currents of thought which are often at variance with the authentic advancement of women".

For the last half century, society has struggled over how to reconcile the fundamental equality of men and women with their undeniable biological differences.

During the 1960s women protested against laws and customs which treated women differently. Governments responded by enacting legislation guaranteeing women equal rights under the law, equal access to education and equal economic opportunity. Women quickly took advantage of these opportunities. The number of women pursing higher education increased, as did the number of women in the professions, and in elected and appointed government offices.

In the 1970s, the feminist movement which had encouraged these changes was co-opted by radicals who saw women as the prototypical oppressed class and marriage and "compulsory heterosexuality" as the mechanisms of oppression. This current of thought drew on Frederick Engels' analysis of the origins of the family. In 1884 Engels had written: "The first class antagonism in history coincides with the development of the antagonism between men and women in monogamous marriage, and the first-class oppression with that of the female sex by the male". [1]

In her 1970 book The Dialectic of Sex , Shulamith Firestone modified Engels' analysis of class struggle to call for a sex-class revolution: "To assure the elimination of sexual classes requires the revolt of the underclass (women) and seizure of control of reproduction:... so the end goal of the feminist revolution must be unlike that of the first feminist movement, not just the elimination of male privilege but of the sex distinction itself; genital differences between human beings would no longer matter"' [2]

According to Firestone, *the heart of women’s oppression is her childbearing and child-rearing roles" [3] Those who accepted this analysis regarded abortion on demand, contraception, absolute sexual freedom, women in the workforce and children in government-supported day care as the necessary conditions for the liberation of women.

Nancy Chodorow in The Reproduction of Mothering argued that as long as women are the primary caregivers, children will grow up seeing humanity divided into two different and, according to Chodorow, unequal classes, and this is the cause of the acceptance of "class" oppression. [4]

Alison Jagger; in a textbook designed for use in women's studies programs, laid out the desired outcomes of the sex-class revolution: "The end of the biological family will also eliminate the need for sexual repression, Male homosexuality, lesbianism, and extramarital sexual intercourse will no longer be viewed in the liberal way as alternative options... the very 'institution of sexual intercourse' where male and female each play a well-defined role will disappear. Humanity could finally revert to its natural polymorphously perverse sexuality." [5]

A frontal attack on the family was risky.

According to Christine Riddiough, "Gay/lesbian culture can also be looked on as a subversive force that can challenge the hegemonic nature of the idea of tile family, It can, however, be done in a way that people do not feel is in opposition to the family per se. …In order for the subversive nature of gay culture to be used effectively, we have to be able to present alternative ways of looking at human relationships", [6]

Sex or gender?

 The problem faced by those promoting a revolution against the family was how to eliminate sex classes when these are rooted in the biological differences between men and women. The work of Dr John Money of Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, U.S.A., offered a solution.

Until the 1950s, the word gender was a grammatical term indicating whether words were masculine, feminine or neuter. Dr Money began to use the word in a new context, coining the term "gender identity" to describe a person's inner sense of himself or herself as male or female. [7]

According to Money, a person's gender identity was dependent on how the child was raised and could be different from his or her biological sex. Money held that it was possible to change a person's sex and that children born with ambiguous genitalia could be surgically altered and assigned to a sex other than their genetic sex.

Money's theories were extremely influential, and in1972 he offered what appeared to be conclusive evidence that gender identity depended on upbringing.

In his book Man & Woman, Boy & Girl, Money reported the case of an identical twin whose penis had been destroyed during a circumcision procedure. [8] The boy's parents brought their baby to Money who advised them to have him castrated and to raise him as a girl.

The existence of an identical twin allowed Money to compare the twin raised as a boy with the one raised as a girl. Money reported on the success of the sex change and how the boy had successfully adapted to a feminine identity. The case appeared to resolve the issue of "nature versus nurture" in favour of nurture.

Even before he announced his famous case, Money’s theories had found an audience among feminists,

In her 1969 book Sexual Politics, Kate Miller, referencing Money's previous work, wrote: "...there is no differentiation between the sexes at birth. Psychosexual personality is therefore postnatal and learned". [9]

The idea of gender as a social construct was incorporated into feminist theory.

Susan Moller Okin, author of Justice, Gender and the Family (1989), looked forward to "a future without gender. No assumptions would be made about male and female roles; childbearing would be so conceptually separated from childrearing that it wouId be cause for surprise if men and women were not equally responsible for domestic duties..." [10]
During the 1980s the term "gender" became ubiquitous in women's studies programmes, With the introduction of the idea of gender as a social construct, the focus of the woman's movement shifted from the elimination of policies which harmed women to concern over anything which acknowledged that there were differences between men and women, in particular anything which supported women as primary caregivers in the home. A future without gender required a society that meticulously examined every aspect of culture for evidence of gender socialisation

Before 1990, documents published by the United Nations had stressed the elimination of discrimination against women, but around 1990 gender became a central focus.

A pamphlet from the U.N. agency INSTRAW entitled Gender Concepts defined gender as: "A system of roles and relationships between women and men that are determined not by biology but the social, political and economic context. One's biological sex is a natural given : gender is constructed.” [11]

The dividing line between sex and gender was, however, left unclear.

Many of those who adopted the term "gender" had no idea of its ideological roots. Nevertheless, the U.N.'s 1995 Conference on Women in Beijing called on nations to "mainstream a gender perspective". According to the final text of its Platform for Action: "In many countries, the differences between women's and men's achievements and activities are still not recognized as the consequences of socially constructed gender roles rather than immutable biological differences." [12]

The problem with this statement is that some of the differences between women's and men's activities are clearly related to immutable biological differences, and the Platform made no accommodation for this.

For example only women can become pregnant and nurse. As long as a significant percentage of women make motherhood their primary vocation by not working outside the home, by leaving the workforce for significant periods of time to accommodate family needs or by choosing work with hours or responsibilities which are compatible with family responsibilities, the achievements and activities of men and women will be significantly different. [13]
...
The gender perspective was unsupportive of women who chose motherhood as their primary vocation. In a 1975 interview with Betty Friedan, Simone de Beauvoir summed up this attitude. When asked if women should have the choice to stay home and raise their children, she responded: "Women should not have that choice, precisely because if there is such a choice, too many women will make that one". [14]

It was not simply that gender was constructed, but, according to the gender perspective the construction of gender was done by men to the disadvantage of women. The very word “woman" was seen as a label that created "a fictitious being" and "perpetuates inequality." [15]

The unity of the human person

While the gender perspective was gaining acceptance, its theoretical basis was crumbling.

In 1997, an article by Dr. Milton Diamond, an expert on the pre-natal effect of testosterone on the organization of the brain, revealed that Dr. Money had not accurately reported the results of the twins’ case. [16]

Dr. Diamond had never accepted Dr. Money’s theory that biological identity could be overridden by socialization. Over the years he had made various attempts to track down the twin on whom Money had reported and determine how the child had adjusted to adolescence.

Eventually, Diamond was able to contact a local therapist who had worked with the twin and discovered that the experiment had been a total failure. The twin had never accepted being a girl, never adjusted to a female role. By age 14 he was suicidal.

One of the many therapists assigned to help him encouraged his parents to tell him the truth. The moment that he heard that he was a boy he was determined to live as a male. He underwent extremely difficult reconstructive surgery and married.

The entire story of the twins' case has been documented in John Colapinto's book As Nature Made Him . [17]

Money's theories have been further discredited by subsequent research on brain development. Research on prenatal exposure to hormones demonstrates that, even before birth, the brains of boys and girls are significantly different and this affects, among other things, the ways in which babies see movement, colour and form.

The result is a "biological preparedness" in boys for typically masculine toys and in girls for typically feminine toys. [18]

Women are, from the womb, being equipped with the sensitivity to the human person needed for mothering.

This research and other new information on the Structure of the human brain suggest that biological Influences and experience work together to create brain connections and are so inextricably interwoven that it is impossible to separate them.

Children are born into societies created by men and women whose perception of what is natural is influenced by the same combination of biology and experience. Boys will grow up to be fathers; girls, mothers. Hiding that fact through gender-neutral socialisation will not change the reality of sex difference.

Other research on brain development has demonstrated the importance of the relationship between mother and child during the first months of life.

The baby who has heard the mother's voice in the womb comes into the world looking for the light in her eyes. Secure attachment between mother and baby is crucial to emotional development.

Those who study early childhood development and the development of the human brain are concerned that their findings on the importance of the mother/child bond are being ignored by those who favour women in the workforce and babies in day care. [19]

If women are more sensitive to the needs of the human person and children need mothers who are sensitive to their needs, then presenting motherhood in a positive light is not perpetuating a negative stereotype but recognizing reality. There is no injustice as long as women are not prevented from choosing to work outside the home.

It is precisely because women and men are different that women have a unique contribution to make in the greater society. The fact that women do have a choice causes some women to feel torn, but that is the price of freedom.

Unsupported claims of gender bias

The supporters of the gender perspective have cited numerous examples of how gender socialization is responsible for the abuse of women. The problem is many of these examples fail to stand up to careful investigation.

Christina Hoff Sommers, author of Who Stole Feminism ?, discovered that while the media promoted feminist claims that negative gender socialization caused 150,000 American women a year to die from anorexia, health statistics show that the number of deaths from anorexia in 1983 was 101. By 1991 the number declined to 54.

In 1991, the American Association of University Women released a study entitled "Short-changing Girls, Short-changing America", which claimed that gender bias in the schools caused teenage girls to suffer a devastating loss of self-esteem.2o The study received major media coverage and numerous programmes were instituted to correct the problem.

After much effort, Sommers obtained a copy of the survey results and discovered that its measure of "self-esteem" was unscientific and that teenage girls were academically outperforming boys by most measures."

The problem with unsupported claims of oppression made by feminists is that they divert limited resources from the real problems facing women and undermine the credibility of those dedicated to forwarding women's real interests.

Given the past reliance on flawed research, .it is important to carefully investigate all evidence presented in support of the gender perspective. This is particularly true in the areas of abortion and homosexuality.

For example, those in favour of redefining marriage to include same-sex couples have cited numerous studies purporting to prove that there are no significant differences between children raised by same-sex couples and those raised by their natural parents in marriage. Those who analyzed the studies found them to be internally and externally invalid.22

According to Professor Lynn Ward le, "Most of the studies of homosexual parenting are based on unreliable quantitative research, flawed methodologically and analytically (some of little more than anecdotal quality), and provide a very tenuous empirical basis for setting public policy" .23

On the other hand, numerous studies support the ways in which the presence of a father and a mother enhance the well-being of children. The importance of a mother's love has been widely accepted, but many newer studies demonstrate as well the positive influences of a father's love.

A review of the literature found that: "...the influence of father love on offspring's development is as great as and occasionally greater than the influence of mother love. Some studies conclude that father love is the sole significant predictor of specific positive outcomes" .24

The future depends on the children and therefore society has an obligation to put the welfare of children first.

Women want what is best for their children and every child needs a father and mother. Marriage alone secures the commitment of the parents to one another and to their children and thus every other arrangement carries risks for children and for women.

Patrick Fagan of Heritage Foundation has collected massive evidence on the importance for children of having a father and mother who remain married: "Children born out of wedlock or whose parents divorce are much more likely to experience poverty, abuse, and behavioural and emotional problems, have lower academic achievement and use drugs more often. Single mothers are much more likely to be victims of domestic violence,...

"For children whose parents remain married, however, the benefits are real. Adolescents from these families have been found to have better health and are less likely to be depressed, are less likely to repeat a grade in school and have fewer developmental problems." [25]

Defending women

 The Catholic Church cannot be neutral when attacks on the family, on marriage, on motherhood and fatherhood, on sexual morality or on unborn life are mounted in the name of women. The Church unequivocally condemns every abuse of women that takes place within the family, but the answer is not the destruction of the family.

When societies encourage sex outside marriage, abortion, the contraceptive mentality and divorce, it is women who suffer. When marriage is respected and chastity the norm, women's dignity is secured.

Solidarity between husband and wife in the family, between man and woman in society is crucial for their fruitful collaboration. An endless sex-class struggle will not liberate women.

A flawed anthropology which denies the differences between the sexes leaves women in the unenviable position of either trying to imitate male behaviour or wasting their energy in a futile effort to turn men into pseudo-women.

A woman who understands and accepts the differences between the sexes is free to work with men without compromising her personal originality.

The gender perspective is a blind alley. Valuable resources are being squandered fighting women's natural desire to be mothers.

The promotion of fatherhood, motherhood/family and marriage in no way undermines the essential equality, rights and dignity of women. Recognition of the differences between men and women and the centrality of the family in society only sets the parameters for the discussion.

It will still be necessary to distinguish between real differences and demeaning stereotypes, still be important to protect the right of women and men to choose atypical careers, and still be important to protect women from injustice and abuse.

In this discussion, the Church has much to offer.

The Holy Father's repeated call for solidarity offers an alternative to endless class struggle. Those interested in creating a truly pro-woman society will find guidance in Love and Responsibility, written by he Holy Father while he was still a Bishop. John Paul ll's condemnation of all behaviour which treats persons as objects will resonate with women, who rightly feel the burden of sexual and economic utilitarianism.

The fruitful collaboration of men and women must be based on the truth about the human person. Two sexes, different and equal, are a revelation of the image and likeness of God and are part of the goodness of creation. God, Who made the human person male and female, who established marriage and family and set down the laws governing morality, is incapable of injustice.

Therefore, women have nothing to fear from a culture which understands and honours the differences between men and women.

Notes

 [1 ] Frederick Engels, The Origin of the Family, Property and the State . International Publishers: N.Y., 1972, pp. 65-66.
[2 ] Shulamith Firestone, The Dialectic of Sex . Bantam Books: N.Y., 1970, p. 12.
[3 ] Ibid., p. 72.
[4 ] Nancy Chodorow, The Reproduction of Mothering . University of California Press: Berkeley, 1978.
[5 ] Alison Jagger, "Political Philosophies of Women's Liberation", Feminism and Philosophy. Littlefeld, Adams & Co.: Totowa, N.J., 1977, p. 13.
[6 ] Christine Riddiough, "Socialism, Feminism and Gay/Lesbian Liberation", in Women and Revolution , ed. by Lydia Sargent. South End Press: Boston, 1981, p. 87.
[7 ] John Colapinto, As Nature Made Him . Harper Collins: N.Y., 2000, p. 69.
[8 ] John Money & Anke Ehrhardt, Man & Woman, Boy & Girl , Kohn Hopkins University Press. Baltimore, Md., 1972
[9 ] Kate Millett, Sexual Politics . Avon Books: N.Y., 1971, p. 54.
[10] Susan Moller Okin, Justice; Gender and the Family. Basic Books: N.Y., 1989, p. 170.
[11] Gender Concepts in development and planning:
A Basic Approach (INSTRAW, 1995), p. 11.
[12] Platform of Action, Beijing Conference on Women, 1995, Paragraph 27 in the final text.
[13] According to Vigdis Finnbogadottir, President of Iceland: "As long as the private sphere remains largely women's concern, they will be much less available for men for positions of responsibility in economic and political life" (Speech at Council of Europe, Strasbourg, February 1995).
[14] Simone de Beauvoir, "Sex, Society, and the Female Dilemma: a dialogue between Betty Friedan and Simone de Beauvoir", Saturda y Review, 14 June 1975, p. 18.
[15] Peter Beckman and Francine D'Amico, W omen, Gender and World Politics . Bergin & Garvey: Westport, Conn., 1994,p. 7.
[16] Milton Diamond & H.K. Sigmundson, "$ex Reassignment at Birth: A Long-Term Review and Clinical Implications", Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine , 151, March 1997, pp. 298-304.
[17] John Colapinto, As Nature Made Him . Harper Collins: N.Y., 2000.
[18] Gerianne. Alexander," An Evolutionary Perspective of Sex-Typed Toy Preference: Pink, Blue and the Brain," Archives of Sexual Behavior , vol. 32, 1, (February 2003) pp. 7-14.
[19] Shore, Affect Regulation and the Origin of Self; The Neurobiology of Emotional Development , p. 540.
[20] A Call to Action: Shortchanging Girls, Shortchanging America" (American Association of University Women: Washington D.C., 1991).
[21] Sommers, Who Stole Feminism, pp. 137-156.
[22] Philip Belcastro, et al. "A Review of Data Based Studies Addressing the Affects of Homosexual Parenting on Children's Sexual and Social Functioning", Journal of Divorce and Remarriage .1993, vol. 20, nn. 1/2, pp. 105-122; Robert Lerner and Althea Nagai, No Basis: What the studies don't tell us about same-sex parenting (Marriage Law Project: Washington, D.C., 2001).
[23] Lynn Wardel, "The Potential Impact of Homosexual Parenting on Children", University of Illinois Law Review, 833 (1997).
[24] Ronald Rohner & Robert Veneziano, "The: Importance of Father Love: History and Contemporary Evidence", Review of General Psychology . December 2001, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 382-405.
[25 http://www.heritage.org/Research/ Features/Marriage/index.cfm#q1 F
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Tuesday, November 07, 2006

Ate ostean palua

[Zilegi bekit Xabier Kintanaren artikulu bat hona aldatzea. Oso kontu interesgarri bat jorratzen du euskal politika, euskaltzaletasuna, koherentzia eta alderdi batzuen barruko "jokaldi" zikinak bezalako gaiak ukituz. Hausnartzeko modukoa eta... nota hartzeko modukoa]

Xabier Kintana

Euskaltzaina

Hitzaren jatorriari kasu eginez gero behintzat, politika, berez, hiriaren, hots, Estatuaren zaintze eta gobernuaz arduratzea litzateke, grekoen arabera. Eta, hortik abiatuta, noski, politikariek, herritarren ongia lortzeko kargua lukete. Beraz, espero izatekoa litzateke politikariaren bizitza publikoan, berak buruan eta bihotzean omen daraman helburu horren ispilua agertzea, hots, pertsona gai eta zentzuduna izatea, arazoak konpontzeko trebea, harremanetarako egoki eta solaskide bikaina, gainerako hiritarren kezkak bereganatzen eta bere asmoak besteei argiro adierazten lekikeena.

Baina maiz nahia bat eta errealitatea beste bat izaten dira politika munduan. Agindurikoa hau eta egindakoa, aldiz, hura: horixe izaten da politikari askoren ohiko jokabidea, itxura eta engainuen arteko partidan. Ez da harritzekoa eskuarki gezurretan dabilenagatik politika asko dakiela esatea. Ez dira gutxi, halaber, idealismoagatik ez baina interes pertsonalengatik gauza publikoan sarturikoak, sakelak isileko eskupekoekin betetzeko beti gertu, etxegintza arloan han eta hemen aspaldion gertatzen ari diren eskandalu sonatuak lekuko. Baina honelako gauzak, gutxi edo asko, mundu guztian jazotzen diren arren, badira, ordea, herrialde zibilizatuetan behintzat, gero eta gehiago errotzen ari diren portaera eredugarriak, nolabait politikari on eta zintzoaren eginkizunak dei genitzakeenak.

Jendaurreko aribide horretan, noski, baldintzetako bat hiztun landu eta hizlari trebea izatea dugu, herritarrak konbentzitu, bereganatu edota, nahiago baduzu, engainatzeko, nahitaezkoa. Ez gaude horretan baina, euskaldunok ongi homologatuak. Gure politikariak ez dira izaten, zoritxarrez, euskaraz behar bezain jantziak, ez eta euskal kulturaren jabeak ere. Euskal liburu bat behin ere ireki ez duten euskaldun askotxo ditugu politikari, txikitan etxean ikasiriko euskaratxoaz ozta-ozta jarduteko gai. Ausartegia ni! Nola pasatu ote zait burutik gure politikariei euskara jasoa eta euskal kulturan maila onik eskatzea, horien alderdiak, abertzaleak izanik ere, oraino bere kandidatuei euskara jakitea -Carlos Iturgaitz batek ere lortu duena!- eskatzeraino heldu ez direnean?

Salbuespenak baina, halere. Ohiko aprobetxategismo ilunetik irtendako pertsona kolorge horien artean, baditugu banaka batzuk, aspaldidanik ezagunak, frankismoren garaian ere gure herriaren, gure kulturaren eta hizkuntzaren alde jo eta ke lanean saiatuak. Gutxitxo izanik ere, badira zenbait euskaraz ondo alfabetatuak eta gure hizkuntzan inguruko erdaldun politikariak bezain hiztun eder, landu eta kulturadunak. Pertsona horiek, diren alderdikoak direla, ongi frogaturik utzi digute guztioi bederen beren aspaldiko ideologiarekin bat datozela, pertsona zintzo eta fidagarriak direla.

Tamalez, horrelako perlak ez ditugu sobera. Hori dela eta, zentzuak agintzen duenez, politikari horiek, gisa bereko kide gehiago eskuratu arte gutxienez, zaindu, jagon eta gorde beharko genituzke, ia-ia espezie babestu bezala, egiazko altxor nazionaltzat, hurrengoen eredugarri. Jendea, oro har, horrelakoekin ongi sentitzen da, eta zintzoki tratatua, horiengan, besteak beste, inoiz hautsi gabeko ideologi segida dakusalako, diotena eta egiten dutena beti bat dator eta.

Itsukeriak bultzaturik, ordea, urrezko arrautzak erruten omen zituen oilo hura hil zuen norbaitek, ondorioz ezertxo ere ez lortzeko. Hobeki esan, ordura arteko ondasuna galtzeko. Horixe da, izan ere, euskaldun askok sentitzen duguna, alderdien barruan, aitortu ezineko baina begien bistako interes ziztrinengatik, balio handiko pertsonaren bat bidegabeki baztertzen denean. Are gehiago gainera, inoiz alderdi berberak, inolako aurreikusmenik gabe, pertsona batzuen eskuetan erantzukizun handiko karguak utzi dituenean, gero halakoak bestelako ideologia batzuetara inolako lotsarik gabe lerratzeko. Pena eta amorrua sentitzen da, bai, arinkeria horretatik herriari datorkion kalteagatik, bai eta alderdiari berari ere heltzen zaion desprestigioagatik ere. Azken buruan, nola fida daiteke jendea alderdi batez, berori pertsonen egiazko balioetan eta funtsezko ideologian bairik, interes pertsonalegietan oinarritzen dela baldin badakusa?

Aurrekoan Gorka Knörren bat-bateko saihestea ikusi genuen. Oraingoan Joxe Joan Gonzalez de Txabarriri heldu omen zaio txanda. Tristea benetan, norbera baztertu dutela jakiteko, albistea prentsan irakurri beharra. Horixe, nonbait ongi eginaren pagua! Moduetan behintzat sotiltasun handixeagoa eska litekeelakoan nago.

Zein bere ideologian, biak lagun zintzoak eta euskaltzale garbiak dira, eta beren zereginetan langile fin eta euskaltzale porrokatuak. Gure herriko kulturan izandako esperientzia luzeak aukera ona eman die beren kargua egoki betetzeko orduan, euskal sentiberatasunaz eta abertzaletasunaz trebeki jokatzeko, duintasun osoaz. Biek dotoretasunez hartu dute kolpea, alderdiarekiko leialtasuna gordeta, horrelako gizon zentzudunek dakiten eta dagiten bezalaxe. Horretan ere maisu. Ez dute beren eginbidea zuritzeko gehiago esan beharrik ere, haien eginak aski garbi eta ozen mintzo dira eta. Deitoragarria benetan. Ez gaitezen eskandaliza, beraz, honelako jokaera itsusiak ikusita, jendea politikaz nazkatzen hasten bada eta abertzale zintzo asko alderdietatik urrun badabiltza.

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Saturday, November 04, 2006

Felipe Arrese Beitia: bizitzaren arrosak eta arantzak (III)




Aurreko batean Jose Maria Iparragirreren “Gernikako arbola” konposizioari buruz esan genuen zerbait. Foruak deuseztatuak izan ziren ostean, euskaldun askorengan halako kezka bat sortu zen gure nortasun ezaugarri guztiak (ordenamendu zibilari zegozkionak eta kultura zein hizkuntzarik zegozkionak) desagertuko ote ziren benetako beldurrez. Giro hori lur joria izan zen “Gernikako arbola” izeneko abestiaren mezuak arrakasta izan zezan.
Gainera, tankeraz kanta nahiko herrikoia zenez, dezente hedatu zen, asko eta askoren gogo-bihotzean sartzeraino. Galera hori jasan zuen Felipe Arrese Beitiak ere mezu hori jaso eta bihotzean hausnartu zuen, gero bere konposizio berriak sortzeko.
Tematika bati ere ekin zitzaion. Berorren barruan, euskaldunez osatutako herria Jainkoaren herria zen Israelekin konparatzen zen, erbestean, basamortuan, “Agindutako lurraren” bila zebiltzana. Testuinguru horretan eta “Jaungoikoa eta fueroak” izeneko konposizioan honelako eskaerak egiten dizkio Felipe Arrese Beitiak Jaungoikoari:

Asaba zarren Jaungoiko ona
Arren eiguzu lagundu,
Erri oni gaur biguntasunez
Begira arren egiozu,
Zugan ustea jarri dabenik
Bein bere al da lotsatu?
Noz Erri onek zure izenik
Egin dau barriz ukatu?

Beronek beti, beti deitu dau
Jaungoiko euskerazkua,
Zeiñez egape artan nai daben
Billau osasun dontsua;
Zeiñegan daukan jaio ezkero
Itxaropen os-osua,
Eta nok bestek osatu leio
Zauritutako egua?

Biurtu Jauna, egiozu gaur
Len eukan al izatea,
Biurtu Jauna, zuk egiozu
Euskeldun bizierea,
Biurtu Jauna, arren eiozu
Euskeldun zarren bakea,
Biurtu Jauna nai dogulako
Gorde geuk euren fedea.

Zortziko nagusiak ditugu oraingo honetan, ondo neurtu eta errimatuak, herriak gustuko zuen (eta duen?) moduan: herri xehearengan pentsatuz egindako bertsoak baitira, haiek kontzientziatu nahian. Egitura paralelistikoak ditu gogoko, azken bertso honetan bertan ikus daitekeenez. Bertso eta ahapaldi anitzeko konposizioak egiten zituenez, ahapaldi asko eta asko paralelismoz josiko ditu ideiaren bati enfasia eman nahian.
Konparazio honekiko koherentzian eta Jainkoari egindako eskari beteko zela sinistuz, bertso-ondorio batzuk jaulkiko ditu. Hona hemen horietako bat:

Alperrik bere etorriko da
Faraon armaz jantzia,
Damuz beterik Israeleri
Libre joaten itxia;
Baña jaristen noz ondo daben
Itxaso erdi erdia,
Ur biak trilla eginda deutse
Illgo amorru guztia.

Ez dakit foruak eta horrelakoak beharrezkoak ditugun ala ez (edo ez dagokit orain eta hemen horretan sartzea), baina “euskaldun zarren bakea” eta “haien fedea” gaur egun izatea ez litzaiguke batere gaizki etorriko. Domu Santuen eguna igaro berri dugu, eta gure arbasoez gogoratu gara. Gure gaurko fedea ere operatiboa izan dadin eskatzen ahal diegu: eurek poz-pozik beteko baitute bitartekari-lan hori.
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Monday, October 23, 2006

Felipe Arrese Beitia: bizitzaren arrosak eta arantzak (II)





Felipe Arrese Beitia egile oparoa izan zen, euskarak izan dituen langile fin, isil eta izugarri langile horietako bat.
Herioak, egin zizkion bisitak, nola ez, bere familiari. Eta bisita horien gainean jarri zituen bere olerkitxoak. Aurreko atal batean bera alabatxoaren heriotzari jarritako poematxoa iruzkindu nuen. Bere emazte Anjela ere, zahartzarora ailegatu aurretik hil zitzaion. Eta bere amari ere egin zion agur-olerki bat.
Ama on baten bertuteak eta onurak goraipatzen ditu bertan. Ahapaldi bat baino ez dut aipatuko:
Umeetan, Amaren kantuak,
Aiñ dira aiñ gogokuak,
Oraintxe gizaldi erdi bat
Nik bere entzunikuak;
Alperrik sortzen dauz indarrez
Itz onak nire buruak,
Bein bere ez dira Amaren
Berbakaz bardintzekuak,
Arenak zergaitik eurenez
Zirean urtenukuak;
Erraien errai ta erditik,
Errezto, eroso, ernetakuak.

Berriro ere, bertsolaritzaren ahozko tradizioaren iturritik edaten duela ageri da, formari dagokionez behintzat. Sei puntuko ahapaldiak, hori bai, oso gutxitan erabiltzen dira, bat-batean. Gainontzekoan, hoskidetza eta silaba kopuruari dagokienez, herriak hain ondo ezagutzen zuen bertsolaritzakoak dira.
Gaia ere, herrikoia eta arrunta da oso. Amatasuna, gure kulturan olerki eta, batez ere, bertsoetarako gai oparoa izan dugu. Honetan amarengandik ikasitako kantuak eta hitz ederrak etortzen zaizkio burura, esker onez, txikitan ikasten diren amaren hitzak betiko iltzatuta geratzen baitira. Bera idazlea izan arren, aitortu beharrean aurkitzen da bere amaren hitzek zeukaten xamurtasuna ez direla berdintzekoak. Gizon letratua eta ikasia izateak ez dio galarazi herriak eta, batez ere, gizatasunak maiuskulaz idatzitako kulturatik kanpo duela batzuetan aterpe. Ideia erromantiko batekin elkartzen da baieztapen hau: jatortasuna, pertsona sinpleengan dago, ipuin zaharrak edo antzinako denboretako kantak kontatzen dizkigun ama batengan, adibidez.
Ezaguna da Otxandioko olerkari honek euskal hizkuntza pertsonifikatu egin zuela “Ama Euskera” izenaren pean eta “Ama Euskeriari azken agurrak” konposizioa eskaini ziola. Bere benetako amari zion maitasuna ezagututa, ulertzekoa da hain maite zuen beste kontzeptu hura “amatzat” ere hartzea. Honelako pertsonifikazioa egiten, hizkuntzaren pertsonifikazioa esan nahi dut, lehenengoa izan zen bera. Ordutik aurrera segizio handia izango zuen irudi horrek beste bertsolari eta olerkari askoren produkzioetan.
Eta emakumeei buruz ari garela, bere emazte hil berriari bideratutako ahozko loreak aipatuz eta hona ekarriz bukatzen dut:

Bera, izan zan gure etxeko ondragarria,
Bera izan zan ni gordetako gaztelua,
Bera izan zan ekatx mueta guztien kontra,
Buru gañean jarriten jatan ezkudua.
Bera, izan zan neu legez arte-eder zalea,
Bera liburu asko ebana irakurten;
Nire lumeak eskribietan ebazan letrak,
Berak zituzan borrau ta asko obetuten.
Bera, izan zan egia garbi, kantau nai badot,
Gauza askotan ni zuzentzeko irakasla;
Bera, izan zan tantai bat legez aretx motzetan,
Anjela, andra askotan buruz jaso zana.

Errepikapenaren bidez eta hirukoiztasuna lagun zuela, modu solemnean azpimarratu nahi izan zituen bere emaztearen balioak eta berari zion maitasuna. Estilo erretoriko zaharkitua irudi dakiguke agian, gaur egungo usadioetan, honelakoak barrokotzat hartzen baitira, baina bihotzez egindakoak izan zirela ezin da ukatu, emotibotasunaren bidetik ibili baitzen beti Otxandioko santugina. Ama zein emazte zintzo eta kristau guztien omenez beude hor.
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Friday, October 13, 2006

KIDE UGARIKO EUSKAL FAMILIEN III. BILTZARRA

[Ezin nuen iragarri gabe utzi ondorengo berria. Gure Euskal Herri honetan familia ugariak dira agian geure altxorrik preziatuenetakoa. Gurasoek beren seme-alabengan egiten duten inbertsioak gizarte osoan ematen ditu frutuak. Gizakiak dira gizartea egiten dutena, eta bihar-etziko gizartearen eragilean orain familietan ari dira hezten eta hazten]

Datorren urriaren 28an, larunbatean, Hirukidek Gasteizko Europa Biltzar-Jauregian Kide Ugariko Euskal Familien III. Biltzarra egingo du. Hirukiderentzat ekitaldi honek izango duen garrantzia azpimarratu nahi dugu, honekin, politikariei, komunikabideei eta oro har, jendeari, gure elkarteak eta gure eskariek gero eta indar handiagoa dutela erakutsi baitezakegu, baina horretarako, urriaren 28an zuek Europa Biltzar-Jauregira etor zaitezten behar dugu. Jardunaldian izena emateko gure web orrialdea www.hirukide.com/formulario erabili dezakezue, urriaren 16ra arte. Eurodisneyrako bidaia baten zozketa ederra Biltzarrera bertaratutako guztien artean bost lagunentzako Eurodisneyrako bidaia bat zozketatuko da. Bidaiaren barruan joan-etorrIaren gastuak, ostatua eta behe-denboraldiko sarrera sartzen dira. Hitzordu honetan hutsik ez egiteko beste arrazoi bat Egun horretako zerbitzu eta ekintza guztiak (Bilbotik eta Donostiatik etorriko diren autobusak, bazkaria, haurtzaindegi zerbitzua, eta abar) bazkideentzat dohainik izango dira. Haurtzaindegi zerbitzua Txikienentzako (0 eta 10 urte bitartean) haurtzaindegi zerbitzua izango da egun guztian zehar, joko eta ekintza ezberdinekin: 9:30 Akreditazioa eta adinaren arabera, taldeen banaketa 10:00-19:00 Puzgarriak 10:00-12:00 Margo eta collage tailerrak, material ezberdinekin* (Artium museoan) 10:30-12:30 Film-emanaldia 12:30-14:30 Bazkaria 15:00-16:00 Magia eta globoflexia ikuskizuna 16:00-16:30 Askaria 16:30-18:30 Margo eta collage tailerrak, material ezberdinekin* (Artium museoan) Film-emanaldia 19:00 Haurtzaindegi zerbitzuaren amaiera eta gurasoekin berrelkartzea. * Tailerrak egiteko, umeek arropa informala edo mantal “markatua” eramatea komenigarria da. Haurtzaindegi zerbitzua eskatzeko asmoa baduzue, zuen seme-alabek mugikortasun arazorik edo bestelako ezintasunik duten adierazi behar diguzuela gogorarazi nahi dizuegu. Jardunaldiaren egunean menu bakarra emango da, horregatik, 3 urtetik beherako umeen edo dieta bereziak behar dituztenen bazkaria ekartzea aholkatzen dizuegu. Umeek arropa markatua ekartzea ere komeni da –galtzen badira- eta umeen arduradunaren (aita, ama, eta abar) izena eta sakelako telefonoaren zenbakia zehaztea ere ezinbestekoa da, bera aurkitu ahal izateko.
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Why Gender Matters


By Leoanard Sax
[Honako honetan liburu baten berri ematen dizuet. Azpian liburu horretan jorratzen diren gaietako batzuk ageri dira. Hezkuntzari ematen zaio gaur egun garrantzi handia. Interes asko daude jokoan, ideologikoak tarteko, baina gizakiekin (are gutxiago umeekin) ezin da "jolastu", ezin da friboloa izan. Ea ba azpiko datuak pentsarazten diguten]

What Parents and Teachers Need to Know about the Emerging Science of Sex Differences


Summary
 Forget everything you think you know about gender differences in children. Forget "boys are competitive, girls are collaborative." In recent years, scientists have discovered that differences between girls and boys are more profound than anybody guessed. Specifically:
    The brain develops differently. In girls, the language areas of the brain develop before the areas used for spatial relations and for geometry. In boys, it's the other way around. A curriculum which ignores those differences will produce boys who can't write and girls who think they're "dumb at math."
    The brain is wired differently. In girls, emotion is processed in the same area of the brain that processes language. So, it's easy for most girls to talk about their emotions. In boys, the brain regions involved in talking are separate from the regions involved in feeling. The hardest question for many boys to answer is: "Tell me how you feel."
    Girls hear better. The typical teenage girl has a sense of hearing seven times more acute than a teenage boy. That's why daughters so often complain that their fathers are shouting at them. Dad doesn't think he's shouting, but Dad doesn't hear his voice the way his daughter does.
    Girls and boys respond to stress differently - not just in our species, but in every mammal scientists have studied. Stress enhances learning in males. The same stress impairs learning in females.

These differences matter. Some experts now believe that the neglect of hardwired gender differences in childrearing may increase a son's risk of becoming a reckless street racer, or a daughter's risk of experiencing an unwanted pregnancy.

Since the mid-1970's, educators have made a virtue of ignoring gender differences. The assumption was that by teaching girls and boys the same subjects in the same way at the same age, gender gaps in achievement would be eradicated. That approach has failed. Gender gaps in some areas have widened in the past three decades. The pro-portion of girls studying subjects such as physics and computer science has dropped in half. Boys are less likely to study subjects such as foreign languages, history, and music than they were three decades ago. The ironic result of three decades of gender blindness has been an intensifying of gender stereotypes.

For parents, Dr. Sax provides concrete guidelines regarding the tough issues of discipline, sex, and drug abuse, and other problem areas.

For educators, Dr. Sax offers practical suggestions to help break down gender stereotypes and help all children to reach their potential.

For everybody, Dr. Sax offers a provocative analysis of how gender influences every aspect of our lives.

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Tuesday, October 10, 2006

Felipe Arrese Beitia: bizitzaren arrosak eta arantzak




Aurreko artikulu batean Gernikako Arbola kantaren alderdi zehatz bati erreparatu nion. XIX. mendearen bukaerako beste egile bat aipatuko dut honako honetan. Felipe Arrese Beitia (1841-1909). Otxandiokoa zen eta “santugina” esaten zioten, bere ogibidea santuak edo irudi erlijiosoak egitea baitzen, profesionaltasunez egin ere. Jakina, ezagunago bilakatu zen Elizondon 1879an ospatu ziren Lore Jokoetan irabazle izan zelako bertan ospatu zen poesia lehiaketan. Zenbait urtez zeharo ospetsu egin zen lehiaketa hartan saritutako “Ama euskeriari azken agurrak” izeneko konposizioa.
Baina honako honetan, ez diot horri erreparatuko.
Gizakiaren bizitzari lotutako beste gertaera “arruntagori” ere arreta jarri zion Otxandiotar honek. Ezaguna denez, bizitzak loreak eta arantzak ditu. Felipe Arrese Beitiak biei eskaini zizkien poemak.
Esaterako, bere alabetako bat, Maria Pirlartxo, zortzi urte baino ez zituela hil zitzaion. Bere samina eta bere fedea “Agur ume” izeneko poeman isuri zituen “santugin” honek. Alabatxoaren heriotzak ez zuen Arrese Beitiaren bihotza itsutu eta Jainkoari edota beste bizitzari zabalik ageri da:
Bizi obea artu ebala fedeak diñost,
Bizi obea artute arren egin jat ill,
Bizi obea goian gozetan dagokit eta,
Ni barriz beian onen negarti, zelan nabill?

Arbola batek baña adar bat galdu ezkero
Agertzen badau sentimentua dabela artu,
Aitaren biotz onek biotza galdurikoan,
Zelan damurik egingo ez dau gaur agertu? […]

Oso hizkera ulerkorra eta herrikoia darabil. Ahapaldiak nahiko erregularak dira, nahiz eta, kasu honetan, bertsolaritzaren tankerakoan ez izan. Ez du poesia modernoaren eragin nabarmenik ageri, nolabaiteko joera erromantikoren batean ez bada (bizitzaren trajikotasuna zertzeladaren batean agertuz, adibidez). Antzematen da, bestalde, bere alabak etxean kristau giroa arnastu zuela, zeren hiltzeko zorian zegoela, bere azken hitzak “Osatu baño, zerura dot naiago” izan ei ziren, bere aitak ahapaldi batean islatu zuenez:
Zuri, zuri bai, alabatxoa entzun neutsun bai,
«Osatu baño zerura dot naiago»
Ez dakit nundik asmau zenduzan itz orrek baña
Niretzat gauza ezkuturen bat or badago.

Pentsatzekoa da bere gurasoak guztiz atsekabetuta geratu zirela bere alabatxoaren heriotzaz, baina, trantze horretatik tristura bat ageri den arren, kristau ikuspegia, gaur egun hainbat girotan ahaztua edota ikasi beharko genukeena agian, izugarri sendoa da:

Zure gorputza badago bere lurperatuta,
Egunen baten aterako da ain ederrik,
Azuzena ta lirio zuri zuriak baño
Zuriago ta iñon orbantxo bat bagerik.

Agur, umetxo, ikusi arte ortxe zeruan,
Agur, agur bai, gelditzen gara gu lurrean,
Agur, biotzak zerren eroan zeuk deuskuzuzan,
Agur ume, guk pozik ez dogu emen bean

Detaile txiki bat baino ez da hau, baina bere poemak irakurriz gero joera nagusi bat konfirmatzen duen detaile bat (beste askoren artean) dugu hauxe. Eta laikoa zen, pertsona arrunta, bere lanetik bizi zena, bere kezka kultural eta sozialak zituena. Herritarrek pertsona zintzotzat zuten, beti laguntzeko prest omen zegoen. Honekin zer adierazi nahi dut? Gure kultura osoak sustrai kristau sendoak dituela. Geure esku dago sustrai horiek XXI mende honetan ere elikatzea, bihar-etzi, arantzekin batera, loreak eta fruituak izan ditzagun.
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Monday, October 02, 2006

Gernikako arbola eta bere sustraiak



























Gernikako Arbola da bedeinkatua,
euskaldunen artean guztiz maitatua.
Eman ta zabal zazu munduan frutua,
adoratzen zaitugu, arbola santua.

Betiko bizi dedin Jaunari eskatzeko
jarri daitezen danok laster belauniko.
Eta bihotzetikan eskatu ezkero,
Arbola biziko da orain eta gero.

Arbolak erantzun du kontuz bizitzeko,
eta bihotzetikan Jaunari eskatzeko.
Gerrarik nahi ez degu, pakea betiko,
gure lege zuzenak hemen maitatzeko.

Mila urte inguru da esaten dutela,
Jainkoak jarri zuela Gernikako Arbola.
Zaude, bada, zutikan orain ta denbora,
eroritzen bazera, arras galdu gera.

Arbola botatzea dutela pentsatu,
Euskal Herri guztian danok badakigu.
Ea, bada, jendea, denbora orain degu,
erori gabetanik eduki behar degu.

Erregutu diogun Jaungoiko jaunari
pakea emateko orain eta beti,
bai eta indarra ere zerorren lurrari,
eta bendizioa Euskal Herriari.

Ez zera eroriko, Arbola maitea,
baldin portatzen bada, Bizkaiko Juntea.
Laurok hartuko degu zurekin partea
pakean bizi dedin euskaldun jendea.

Beti egongo zera udaberrikoa,
lore aintzinetako mantxa gabekoa.
Erruki zaitez, bada, bihotz gurekoa,
denbora galdu gabe, emanik frutua.


Ez da nire asmoa ez kanta honen azterketa literarioa egitea ez kanta hau konposatu zeneko garaia aztertzea. Abesti famatu honen alderdi bati erreparatuko diot soilik zertzelada single batez. José María Aguirrek (1820-1881) konposatutako bertso hauek ondo baino hobeto konektatu zuten euskaldun askoren pentsamoldearekin. Arrazoietako bat, beren bertsolari-estiloan dago, garai hartako euskaldun gehienen ahozko kulturako euskal estiloan, hain zuzen. Beste arrazoi bat honakoan aurkitzen dugu: garai hartan, lehenengo gerrate karlistaren ostean foruen galerak kezka asko sortu zituen, nolabaiteko burujabetza (edo nortasuna) arriskuan eta kinka larrian ikusten zelako. Azkenik, konposizio osoari halako erlijiotasun bat dario. Poeta euskaldunei zuzentzen zaie esanez eskatu behar diotela gauza bat. Horren haritik, hona hemen adibideetako bat: “Erregutu diogun Jaungoiko Jaunari/ pakea emateko orain eta beti,/ bai eta indarra ere zerorren lurrari,/ eta bendizioa Euskal Herriari”.
Iparragirrek ez zuen sekula esan berak bere burua kristau zintzotzat zeukanik. Baina Jainkoari eta kristautasunari egindako erreferentziak ugariak dira bere bertsoetan. Naturaltasunez egindako erreferentziak eurak guztiak, pentsamolde eta bihotz kristau baten islatzat hartzen ahal ditugunak. Besteak beste, hauxe bera izan zen bere garaiko euskaldunekin konektatzeko beste arrazoietako bat, garai hartan euskaldun-fededun binomioa binomio sendoa baitzen, kasu aunitzetan behintzat. Honi estuki lotua bakezaletasuna dago: Lehenengo karlistadan herri xeheak dezente sufritu zuen. Gerrak ankerrak izaten dira beti, eta garai hartan ere bai. Euskal jendeak eta mundu osoko jendeak bakean bizi nahi du, zuzenbidean oinarritutako bakean bai, baina bakean. Beste balio kristau bat, gaur egungo munduan ere hain beharrezkoa duguna. Ezagutu ditzagun gure sustraiak.
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Friday, September 15, 2006

Marihuana erretzaile bati gutuna

[Dominique Morin drogetan, indarkeriana eta sexuan murgilduta bizi izan zen zenbait urtetan. Frantzian nahiko ezaguna da. Liburu bat idatzi du: Le sida a fait de moi un témoin . Testu honetan drogan sartuta dagoen bati zuzendu nahi dio mezu bat, bere esperientziaren ikuspuntutik]

Zuregana zuzentzen naiz, ze nik ere neure nerabezaroa galdu bainuen marihuana erretzen. Garai hartan inork ez zidan esan erretzeari utzi behar niola. Zaila izan zen uztea, eta oroitzapen mingarria gordetzen dut horretatik: garai hartan, gainera, neska batek SIDA kutsatu zidan. Nola lagundu drogatzen direnei edo tentatuta daudenei hori ez egiteko? Nik nire testigantza ematen dut eskoletan gazteen aurrean edota beste leku batzuetan, honen gainean hausnartu dezaten.
Asko harritzen nau beren arretak. Eskertuta eta guzti sentitzen dira. Badakite egia esaten dudana, baita drogatzen direnek ere. Hatxisak ez du ezer konpontzen. Are gehiago, erretzaileari bere bizitza eraikitzea galarazten dio. Zure inguruan, zenbatek erretzen dute "porroa"? Batzuk horrekin identifikatzen dira, beste erretzaileek baloratuta sentitzen dira. Beste batzuk bere legalizazioaren esperoan daude. Nola eurei errua bota, biktimak dira eta!... zu eta biok bezala. Hala ere, drogak anestesiatua izango ote dira kapaz horren gainean egoki solasteko?

Zergatik cannabis erretzeari utzi? Menpekoak egiten gaituelako; drogak gure gaitasunak akatzen dituelako; gure existentzia birtual bilakatzen delako. Edozein erantzukizun hartzeko edo erabaki libreak hartzeko ezgai bilakatzen gara. Labur esanda, denbora eta energia galtze bat da! Zenbat kannabis erretzaile bilakatu dira menpekoak? Badakit, zaila da onartzen. Horretaz jabetzeak beldurra eman diezaguke, edota gure autoestima gal genezake. Baina erreakzionatzera ere eraman gaitzake. Horixe bera espero dut. Ikasketa-proiektu bat aurrera eramateko edo proiektu pertsonal bat gauzatzeko askatasuna aukeratu behar da, droga aukeratu beharrean. Esku hartu behar dugu! eta esku hartzeko kontziente izan eta nork bere burua ezagutu behar du. Porroak esfortzua nekezago egiten du, desanimatzen du eta depresioa errazten du. Ez utzi marihuanari zure bizitzaren jabe izaten. Nik, egun batean uztea erabaki nuen eta nire patuaren bridei oratu nien. Ordutik ez naiz bizitzeko beldur eta askea naiz.

Kannabisa alde batera lagatzen badugu, erabaki libreak hartu ahal izango ditugu eta besteengana hurreratuko gara. Besteen behar izana daukagu, eta besteek zu behar zaituzte etorkizun bat eraikitzeko. Zure droga-lagunek ezin dute ezer egin zuregatik une honetan, ze beren buruarekin ere ezin dute, ez dira beren buruaren jabe. Nola besteak maite, edo nork bere burua maite, ez baduzu soportatzen zeure burua drogatua zaudenean baizik? Drogatzailearen errealitatea ihesa da, eta bakardade handi bat. Bizitza urrutiratzen da, angustia bilakatzen da, eta droga konsumitzen dugularik baino ez dugu ahazten. Zenbat gazte-bizitza galduta!

Hori bilatzen zenuen? Zer aurkituko duzu plazer erraz horretan, zailtasunetatik ihesi? Zoriontasuna errealitate hauskorra da, etengabeko esfortzua eskatzen duena. Bizitza duin bat maitasunean oinarritzen da, zentzua ematen duen maitasunean eta gure ekintzak gidatzen dituen egian. Ihesa ez da zoriona. Hala ere, ez dizut errua botatzen. Ilusio eder horrek engainatu zintuen, ni engainatu ninduen moduan. Zeure buruarengan konfidantza irabaziko duzu bizitzaren alde borrokatzen bazara. Askatasuna eta erantzunkizuna batera doazen lekuan zure duintasuna berreskuratuko duzu. Utzi alde batera marihuanan izkutaturik bizitzeko angustia!

Nork bere onena ematean, arriskuak izaten dira tartean. Baina emaiozu zeure buruari benetako bizitza deskubritzeko aukera. Errealitatetik ihes egiten baduzu, suizidio espiritual eta humanora zoaz zuzen-zuzen. Laga ezazu kateatzen zaituen guztia; ez dizut promesarik egiten, baina zabaldu zure begiak eta bizitzaren edertasuna eta zure balioa deskubrituko dituzu. Oztopoen gainetik, hor dago emateko eta hartzeko zoriontasuna. Zoriontasun eta bake hori, ez dizu inongo ilusiorik emango. Ez izan beldurrik, altxa zure begirada hori eta abiatu zaitez zure etorkizunera. Saia zaitez ikusten lagunak zure inguruko jendearengan eta ez etsaiak.

Eguzkia egunero ateratzen da zuregatik ere. Bizitza benetan ederra da: ikasi deskubritzen eta maitatzen. Berak bere eskuak zabaltzen dizkizu, zaude ziur.

Beraz, ekin zure bideari. Zure zain gaude!
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Thursday, September 14, 2006

Single-sex schools: The new rage in US

Duela urte bi, Seatlle-tik Washinton estatura, hau da, AEBetako Ipar Mendebaldera, aldatu zen Raj Natarajan bere familiarekin batera. Egin zuen lehenengo gauza neskentzako eskola bat bilatzea izan zen, bere bi alabentzako eskola egoki bat, hain zuzen. (DNA, Daily News and Analysis, Monday, June 12, 2006)

Sachin Kalbag

WASHINGTON DC: Two years ago, when Raj Natarajan relocated to Seatlle in Washington state on the northwestern coast of the United States, along with his family, the first thing he did was to go in search of a girls’ school for his two daughters.

He could not find one, and the locals did not even know what a girls’ school meant. In India, he told them, his daughters have always attended a single-sex school. He was also puzzled as to how the US, with more than 90,000 public schools did not have any single-sex school.

He called up Dr Leonard Sax, the founder of National Association for Single Sex Public Education, to find out why. And, as way of criticism, told Sax that his website sucks. Natarajan was right about single-sex schools. When he called, the whole of the United States had just six public schools offering single-sex classrooms.

They struck a friendly deal — Natarajan would redesign the website, while Sax would ensure that US public education would have hundreds of schools with single-sex classrooms. Both lived up to their promise.

Two years down the line, the US has 223 single-sex schools, and “their numbers are growing at a rate where we will have around 9,000 single-sex schools in three years,” says Sax.

Sax, a medical doctor as well as a PhD from the University of Pennsylvania, and author of the bestseller, Why Gender Matters, says that he is championing the cause of single-sex classrooms not because he wants to keep boys and girls separate, but because each gender has a different way of learning. For instance, he says, girls have better developed inner ears. This allows them to concentrate in classrooms where the teachers are softspoken. Boys just cannot concentrate in such an environment, and this is the reason that boys are thought to less attentive than girls.

“In India,” he says, “classrooms are huge, and if teachers were trained to teach boys and girls separately, the results would be dramatic.” He adds that boys should be allowed to stand, walk around, or even play when a class is going on. “This is because boys concentrate more while they are on the move, but with girls it is just the opposite. This is why girls do better at high school in several countries, including India.”

Single-sex classrooms do not mean that a girls’ school would be a convent or a boys’ school a monastery, he clarifies. “In fact, girls from co-ed schools prefer to date boys from a single-sex school because they are gentlemanly, courteous, and less prone to misbehaviour. If they want a long-term relationship, the girls would chose single-sex classroom boys.”

One of the myths he has to face when he advocates single-sex classrooms is that the children will become homosexuals. “A majority of population in this country is homophobic,” he says. “I get asked almost everywhere by parents asking whether their son will become gay or their daughter lesbian. It is only after I convince them otherwise that they relent.”

Most importantly, he adds, you have to understand gender differences, whether in the US or in India.

“If you don’t, you end up furthering stereotypes, and that could be sociological disaster.”
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